Carbon Intensity by Country

Estimated grid carbon intensity for each country, derived from the installed capacity and fuel mix of 40,000+ power plants in our database. Values are capacity-weighted lifecycle estimates (gCO2/kWh), not real-time measurements.

Cleanest Grid

Switzerland

Lowest intensity

Average

363 g

gCO₂ per kWh

Highest Intensity

Kazakhstan

Most carbon-heavy

Countries Ranked

110

10+ plants each

Ranked by Carbon Intensity

#	Country	Carbon Intensity	Renewable	Plants	Capacity
1	Switzerland	19 g	74%	168	13.3 GW
2	Ethiopia	24 g	100%	13	4.0 GW
3	Nepal	24 g	100%	14	0.6 GW
4	Iceland	29 g	100%	20	2.5 GW
5	Democratic Republic of the Congo	31 g	99%	15	3.1 GW
6	Norway	53 g	94%	440	39.5 GW
7	Sweden	62 g	45%	305	44.6 GW
8	France	64 g	20%	2,195	192.2 GW
9	Uganda	71 g	94%	11	0.8 GW
10	Tajikistan	96 g	88%	10	5.3 GW
11	Austria	118 g	82%	103	11.2 GW
12	Angola	127 g	81%	14	1.9 GW
13	Brazil	132 g	82%	2,402	250.4 GW
14	Kenya	144 g	77%	22	2.4 GW
15	New Zealand	148 g	83%	43	6.7 GW
16	Uruguay	150 g	85%	73	4.2 GW
17	Ecuador	151 g	78%	22	4.2 GW
18	Canada	154 g	63%	1,334	193.2 GW
19	Belgium	155 g	20%	69	13.4 GW
20	Costa Rica	161 g	76%	27	2.0 GW
21	Zambia	182 g	83%	15	2.7 GW
22	Georgia	188 g	67%	19	3.8 GW
23	Fiji	189 g	77%	12	0.3 GW
24	Colombia	192 g	71%	127	37.5 GW
25	Rwanda	194 g	70%	11	0.2 GW
26	Myanmar	200 g	70%	35	4.0 GW
27	Nigeria	211 g	36%	85	26.4 GW
28	Venezuela	229 g	59%	43	32.4 GW
29	El Salvador	231 g	66%	16	1.4 GW
30	Slovakia	236 g	38%	30	6.2 GW
31	Finland	248 g	39%	179	11.7 GW
32	Panama	250 g	67%	17	1.6 GW
33	Tanzania	253 g	56%	11	1.0 GW
34	Sudan	272 g	59%	18	2.8 GW
35	Argentina	281 g	45%	368	70.2 GW
36	Spain	298 g	34%	981	122.1 GW
37	Pakistan	299 g	46%	198	98.4 GW
38	Papua New Guinea	307 g	48%	15	0.4 GW
39	Ukraine	308 g	24%	158	128.5 GW
40	Honduras	310 g	62%	40	2.2 GW
41	United Kingdom	316 g	35%	3,024	155.3 GW
42	Portugal	319 g	60%	462	14.7 GW
43	Peru	327 g	41%	32	7.4 GW
44	Russia	334 g	16%	652	311.6 GW
45	Chile	339 g	60%	383	31.5 GW
46	Japan	340 g	14%	662	342.8 GW
47	Hungary	341 g	1%	18	6.3 GW
48	Nicaragua	344 g	32%	16	0.9 GW
49	Croatia	349 g	50%	24	3.3 GW
50	Bolivia	355 g	33%	26	1.6 GW
51	Namibia	362 g	64%	13	0.5 GW
52	Vietnam	371 g	46%	326	78.6 GW
53	Guatemala	372 g	58%	76	3.7 GW
54	United Arab Emirates	374 g	8%	81	93.9 GW
55	Cambodia	374 g	62%	16	1.5 GW
56	South Korea	374 g	7%	265	255.7 GW
57	United States of America	378 g	21%	10,098	1,420.7 GW
58	Laos	385 g	62%	20	5.0 GW
59	Romania	390 g	31%	158	20.2 GW
60	Mexico	409 g	27%	419	141.6 GW
61	Turkey	414 g	27%	368	94.5 GW
62	Iran	418 g	18%	327	195.6 GW
63	Bulgaria	425 g	26%	43	9.3 GW
64	Czech Republic	425 g	19%	568	34.0 GW
65	Egypt	436 g	8%	155	138.3 GW
66	Germany	442 g	19%	1,483	151.8 GW
67	Bosnia and Herzegovina	443 g	55%	20	4.0 GW
68	Italy	445 g	19%	542	131.1 GW
69	Oman	452 g	19%	12	6.0 GW
70	Sri Lanka	459 g	43%	47	3.7 GW
71	Australia	468 g	52%	678	156.6 GW
72	Iraq	470 g	11%	104	58.4 GW
73	Madagascar	474 g	43%	12	0.4 GW
74	Syrian Arab Republic	474 g	19%	18	8.0 GW
75	Tunisia	476 g	4%	26	5.0 GW
76	Azerbaijan	478 g	17%	14	5.8 GW
77	Ireland	478 g	21%	59	8.5 GW
78	Algeria	479 g	6%	59	18.0 GW
79	Jordan	479 g	12%	33	4.7 GW
80	Taiwan	482 g	11%	39	37.2 GW
81	Belarus	485 g	3%	24	8.5 GW
82	Thailand	486 g	13%	293	96.3 GW
83	Senegal	487 g	32%	10	0.7 GW
84	Qatar	490 g	0%	12	10.5 GW
85	Netherlands	493 g	15%	253	42.9 GW
86	Libya	497 g	0%	12	6.9 GW
87	Morocco	499 g	39%	45	8.7 GW
88	Malaysia	508 g	21%	157	79.6 GW
89	Philippines	520 g	28%	223	35.8 GW
90	Bangladesh	521 g	2%	57	11.8 GW
91	Greece	524 g	27%	90	14.7 GW
92	Singapore	529 g	0%	14	13.7 GW
93	Uzbekistan	534 g	10%	16	12.6 GW
94	North Korea	550 g	41%	31	9.2 GW
95	Macedonia	551 g	41%	12	1.4 GW
96	Dominican Republic	555 g	21%	15	1.9 GW
97	Saudi Arabia	558 g	0%	163	144.3 GW
98	Estonia	567 g	11%	17	2.5 GW
99	Mauritius	576 g	27%	23	1.0 GW
100	Jamaica	580 g	9%	10	0.8 GW
101	China	588 g	27%	4,431	1,617.1 GW
102	Indonesia	608 g	10%	297	108.2 GW
103	Israel	609 g	4%	59	14.7 GW
104	South Africa	624 g	21%	232	71.9 GW
105	India	626 g	18%	1,805	513.9 GW
106	Cuba	629 g	1%	14	3.8 GW
107	Serbia	631 g	30%	12	8.0 GW
108	Denmark	649 g	24%	47	8.2 GW
109	Poland	667 g	14%	318	82.7 GW
110	Kazakhstan	673 g	19%	123	42.4 GW

Estimated from each country’s fuel mix using standard life-cycle emission factors and typical capacity factors. Indicative, not real-time.